摘要：进入21世纪，劳动关系不再是单纯的雇佣关系，而是一种合作。要做到良好的合作并且达到双方利益最大化，人力资本激励是关键环节，所以人力资本激励机制的建立是十分重要的。随着我国经济的进一步发展，市场对员工的知识和技能要求也越来越高，这也对企业管理人员原有的管理知识和技能提出了更高的要求，很多企业的事实证明，对于高知识技能员工的激励即使是较高的物质激励所起到的效果也是极其有限的，激励是个很个性化的东西，对不同时期，不同情境和地方，不同的人有不同的需要，所以要建立各种激励机制。本文首先对人力资本的含义、特征、以及激励理论进行了介绍，引出了人力资本激励的作用与实现途径。然后说明了现有的激励机制方式以及建立原则，最后讲述了我国人力资本激励机制存在的问题，分析原因，提出解决建议。

关键词：激励；人力资本；人力资本激励

Abstract：As we are into the 21st century, labor relationship is no longer a simple employment relationship, but rather a cooperative one. To achieve good cooperation and to maximize the interests of both sides, the incentive for human capital management is the key; therefore the establishment of the incentive mechanism for human capital management is very important. With the further development of the Chinese economy, the market demands on employees' knowledge and skills are getting higher and higher, which increases the requirements for the existing management knowledge and skills of business management personnel. The experience of many businesses have proved that the effect of motivating staff of high level knowledge and skills is extremely limited even if it is through more material incentives. The incentive needs to be very personalized, as there are various needs at different time, different environments and places, and for different people. Therefore, a variety of incentive mechanism needs to be established. This essay first offers an introduction to the meaning of human capital, its characteristics, and motivation theory. Then it goes on to address the role of human capital motivation and ways for its achievement. Next it describes the existing incentives mechanism and the principles of its establishment. Finally it discusses the problems of human capital incentive mechanism in China, analyzes the causes and proposes solutions. 

Key words：motivation； Human capital； Human capital incentive