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分类:机械工程 论文字数:9941 需要金币:1000个
摘要:颚式破碎机是一种常见的破碎机械,主要破碎不同硬度和性质的物料。当遇到被压物料的抗压强度不均匀时,可能出现由于物料太硬而导致无法压碎。在这种过载的场合,鄂式破碎机需要良好自我保护系统,让不能压碎的硬物料顺利通过鄂板,且颚式破碎机又能迅速恢复正常的工作状态,避免出现鄂板损伤和机构破坏等严重后果。
现有的过载保护装置中,液压过载保护有明显的优越性,具体表现为过载后能可靠保护、自动排除故障、较快复位以恢复正常生产,无需更换零部件,同时便于微机操作和控制,易于实现破碎过程自动化等优点。因此液压保护装置也越来越得到广泛的应用,也是颚式破碎机发展趋势之一。
本设计主要研究了关于颚式破碎机的液压过载保护,通过调定几个压力开关的开启压力,对液压缸充、卸油压,使液压缸活塞呈刚性支承或可收缩状态,进而实现破碎和过载保护的功能。设计中采用了PLC控制电磁铁的顺序动作,实现各个液压阀处于不同的工作位置,控制过程安全可靠且易于操作,反应快速,自动化程度高。
关键字:颚式破碎机 过载保护 液压 排障
ABSTRACT:Jaw crusher is a common crushing machinery, the main crushing different hardness and the nature of the material. When subjected to a compressive strength of crushed material uneven, may appear that material is too hard to crush. In place of the overload, mandibles crusher need good self-protection system to let can not crush the hard material through hubei board, and jaw crusher can quickly return to normal working condition, avoiding damage serious consequences such as hubei board damage and institutions.
Current overload protection device, the hydraulic overload protection has obvious superiority, reliable after embodied in overload protection, automatic troubleshooting, fast reset to restore the normal production, need to replace parts, at the same time facilitate microcomputer operation and control, easy to implement crushing process automation, etc. So the hydraulic protection also more and more widely used, it is also one of development trend of jaw crusher
This design is mainly studied about the jaw crusher of hydraulic overload protection, through the opening pressure setting for pressure switch, oil pressure of hydraulic cylinder charge and discharge to the hydraulic cylinder piston is rigid support or contracting, thus can realize the function of broken and overload protection. PLC control is adopted in the design of the order of the electromagnet action, realize the all hydraulic valve in different working position, the control process is safe and reliable and easy to operate, fast response, high degree of automation.
Keywords: Jaw crusher;overload protection;hydraulic;discharging barrier
颚式破碎机已经有百余年的发展历史,广泛运用于煤炭、电力、冶金、化工等行业。因其能破碎各种不同硬度、不同性质的物料,且结构简单,造价低,以上几种优点决定了它在破碎作业中的主导作用。其中又分为简摆式和复摆式两种,鉴于复摆式较简摆式具有生产效率高、重量轻和设备成本低等突出优点,所以现代破碎机正逐渐向复摆式颚式破碎机方向发展。当然由于破碎机工作环境非常恶劣,负荷波动大等原因,破碎机在工作过程中常常因为料障(入料不均匀或者所入物料为极硬极强的不可破碎物)而出现大幅的过载现象,因此颚式破碎机都需要专门的过载保护措施,目前主要有以下几种方法:肘板折断法、飞轮限矩保护以及液压过载保护,其中液压过载保护是一种新型的保护方式,它较前两种传统方法更可靠且事故状态下不需停机可直接处理,使强度大的物料能自动落入落料包,且颚式破碎机又能迅速的恢复正常的工作。因此它更能适应生产的需要,可以最大限度地保证机器连续平稳地运行,以此可以保证破碎机的生产效率和破碎质量,所以颚式破碎机液压过载保护是迄今最合适也是最应该深入研究的破碎机保护措施。