摘要:马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义奠基人之一，《汤姆索亚历险记》的作者。他一生旅游过很多国家，结交了许多朋友例如威廉•迪安•豪威尔士、布克•华盛顿，都对马克·吐温影响很多。海伦•凯勒评论他：即使是亲爱的上帝，同样会偏爱他，赋予其他慧。马克·吐温的写作风格蕴含幽默又寓于讽刺，既有自己独道的分析又有对社会问题的思考。 他的著作《汤姆索亚历险记》使他赢得了颇多的关注与名誉。小说从一个顽皮的小孩子汤姆索亚的角度刻画理想与现实。论文主要讨论了马克· 吐温笔下的《汤姆索亚历险记》中的浪漫主义和现实主义, 并且从不同人的态度行为批判家庭教育的刻板，学校制度的腐朽，社会宗教的伪善。论文主要分为四部分展开论证。第一部分为总体介绍,包括作者生平、小说情节、小说创作背景和作者创作灵感。第二部分剖析浪漫主义，包括浪漫主义定义、小说中所体现出来的浪漫主义、刻画浪漫主义所用的写作技巧和马克吐温描写的浪漫主义对后世的影响。第三部分分析现实主义，包括现实主义定义和《汤姆索亚历险记》中所体现出来的现实主义，同样包括刻画现实主义所用的写作技巧和作者描写的现实主义对后世的影响。第四部分为总结。整篇论文结合浪漫主义和现实主义进行对比论证。

关键词：浪漫主义；现实主义

Abstract:Mark Twain, one of the founders of critical realism literature, was the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyers. During his life, he had traveled to many countries and met lots of people, including Booker Taliaferro Washington and William Dean Howells. They all left deep impression on him a lot. Helen Keller commented him that even dear God would also love him and even want to give him wisdom. The feature of his writings is that he integrated humor with irony. He not only had special views but also revealed social problems. He had a famous reputation for the novel of the Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The novel uses the term of a child named Tom Sawyer to reflect the ideality and reality. This thesis mainly discusses about Romanticism and Realism reflected in Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyers. It also illustrates that how Mark Twain satirized the educational rules, society and religion from people’s different attitudes and actions. The whole passage is divided into four parts. The first part is introduction which includes the author’s life experiences, the plot, the background of novel writing and Mark Twain’s creating inspiration. The second part is romanticism including its definition, the romanticism reflected in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，writing techniques applied in Romanticism and the influence of his romanticism on later thoughts. The third part will show realism including its definition, the realism reflected in the novel, writing techniques applied in Realism and the influence of his realism on later thoughts. The fourth part is conclusion. This thesis combines romanticism with realism to illustrate the argument. 

Key words: Romanticism; Realism

Contents

中文摘要

Abstract

1. Introduction-1

1.1 A brief glimpse of Mark Twain’s life experience-1

1.2 The introduction of the plot of the novel-1

1.3 Background of Mark Twain’s novel writing-2

1.4 Mark Twain’s creating inspiration of the novel-3

1.4.1 Influence of culture-3

1.4.2 Influence of social development-4

2. Exploration of Romanticism in the novel-4

2.1 Definition of romanticism-4

2.2 Romanticism reflected in the novel-5

2.2.1 Tom’s spirit of adventure-6

2.2.2 Tom’s wisdom and pure friendship-6

2.2.3 Tom’s sense of justice-7

2.3 Writing techniques applied in Romanticism-8

2.4 Influence of his romanticism on later thoughts-9

3. Exploration of Realism in the novel-10

3.1 Definition of Realism-10

3.2 Realism reflected in the novel-10

3.2.1Rigidity of Family and school education-11

3.2.2 Vulgarity of Society-12

3.2.3 Hypocrisy of Religion-13

3.3 Writing techniques applied in Realism-14

3.4 Influence of his realism on later thoughts-15

4. Conclusion-15

References-17

Acknowledgement-18