摘要:20世纪90年代以来，公民社会理论成为学术研究热点。中国自改革开放以来，计划经济向市场经济转变，非政府组织数量不断增加，公共空间得到一定的发展。然而，社会仍处于国家的严格控制之下，社会与国家尚未实质性的分离开；同时中国传统文化严重缺失公共精神，公民行动者在实践上无力，这些因素都表明中国现在还没有形成公民社会。本文基于中国的现状提出：中国公民社会的建构应从完善市场经济体制、确立宪治、培育社会组织和公民文化四大方面着手，只有这样才可能真正建成成熟的公民社会，成功实现现代化的转型。

关键词：中国 公民社会 公共性 市场经济 非政府组织

Abstract:Study of civil society has been flourishing since 1990th. Since reform and opening up, China began to change from a planned economy to a market economy. There is also a boom in non-governmental organizations. However, society is still under the severe control of the state as society has not yet been separated from the state. Chinese traditional culture is lack of public awareness. And citizens are not able to actively participate in the public affairs. These reasons indicate that currently civil society has not been formed in China. Based on the status of civil society in contemporary China this essay puts forward that: in the process of building contemporary Chinese civil society, the establishment and improvement of the market economy, establishing constitutional democracy, the development of social organizations and the cultivation of civil culture are the four major paths to a mature civil society. And the successful transition of modern Chinese society lies in it.

Keywords: China, civil society, public awareness, market economy, non-governmental organizations

　　　近年来，随着中国经济的崛起、民间组织数量的急速增长等，一部分学者认为中国已经形成了公民社会。然而，“公民社会”作为一个完全来源于西方社会的政治术语，仅仅十多年的时间是否就能使其“本土化”的问题仍值得深思和探讨，更重要的是，中国公民社会的形成究竟需要怎样的社会条件，仍是不容忽视的关注点。本课题就中国公民社会的形成问题进行研究，旨在具体深入地分析中国社会现状的基础上，探讨中国如何建构一个成熟、健全的公民社会，更好地实现现代化国家的转型，真正实现“国泰民安”。