摘要：为了更好地了解现阶段在中国小学学习生活的外国小学生的适应状况，本研究采用观察、访谈和问卷调查的方式。选择2所南京小学，对所有40名外国小学生进行问卷调查，回收有效问卷30份。在其中1所小学中选择3位外国小学生进行为期3天的观察，并对他们的带班老师进行半结构式访谈。

　　　从研究结果来看，总体而言外国小学生在日常中文沟通、同伴交往、情绪心理等方面适应状况良好，而存在较大适应困难的是学习方面，尤其是语文学习。不同个体在适应过程中呈现出较大的个体差异。气质性格、汉语水平、父母期望、民族文化等因素都会对他们在中国小学的适应产生影响。教师支持、良好的同伴关系等使他们能更好地适应中国小学的学校生活；而由于汉语学习难度较高和中国的学校教育方式，又使他们无法更好地适应学校学习。

关键字：外国小学生 中国小学  适应状况

Abstract：This research is carried out for better understanding the adaptation condition of the foreign pupils in Chinese primary schools in this period. Through observation, interviews and questionnaire survey, foreign pupils' performance in Chinese primary schools would be revealed and analyzed. Two primary schools had been chosen and forty foreign pupils had been examined. Thirty questionnaires had been effectively collected. What’s more, three of the students were chosen to be observed for three days, and their teachers had been interviewed to get the findings.

　　　According to the results, generally speaking, the foreign pupils in Chinese primary schools in this period are adapting well in many aspects, such as daily communication, peer interaction, emotional feelings, etc. While the schoolwork, particularly the Chinese learning, is quite difficult for them. And different individuals have different reactions during the adaptation process. In the process of adaption, pupils show individual differences, and elements like character, Chinese proficiency, parents’ expectations, national culture and so on. Teacher’s support and guidance can better them to get used to the school life in China. However, the Chinese education style becomes the obstacle of their Chinese language learning.  

Key words: foreign pupils, China's primary school, adaptation condition

本研究通过对外国小学生在中国小学的适应状况做多方面的调查和分析，一方面能够多方面多角度地了解外国小学生在中国小学的适应状况，对于一些普遍性的问题引起相关重视，帮助一些一线教师更全面地认识这一较为特殊的教育对象——外国小学生，进而结合相关教育理论，探求解决问题的措施，帮助外国小学生能够更好地适应在中国小学的生活和学习。另一方面，关于外国小学生在中国小学的适应问题的研究，无论是在理论上还是在实践上都缺乏具有针对性的研究，因此本项研究旨在这方面多出一种尝试性的探索，仅做抛砖引玉之用。