摘要

进入小学是儿童开始接受学校教育的标志，也是个体身心快速发展的重要时期。儿童从幼儿园进入小学，面对教学条件和生活环境的突然改变，必然会出现诸多方面的不适应。对儿童个体而言，入学适应情况的好坏不仅会影响其在学校的求学之路，关系其今后的可持续发展和终身学习，而且对其步入社会以后的人际交往、情绪情感、职业发展都有潜在影响。如何根据儿童身心发展特点，深入了解儿童适应性理论，分析儿童适应性发展现状，改进儿童入学教育工作，减少入学不适应现象，为孩子今后的更好的学习和生活打好基础，是各国研究儿童适应发展的重点。本研究通过对蒙自市城区小学儿童入学适应现状进行实地调查，从遵守常规、人际交往、自理能力、学习习惯、情绪情感五个方面对蒙自市城区小学儿童入学适应性现状进行分析，从学校、教师、家长三个方面深入思考，为学校、教师和家长共同解决儿童入学适应问题提供具体可行的途径和方法，并为教育干预提供实证依据和建设性建议。

关键词：小学儿童；入学适应性；现状分析；对策

Abstract

　　　Entering primary school for children is not only the symbol of start to accept school education, but also it is an important turning point in rapid development of physical and mental. From nursery into primary school, children may have trouble adjusting when facing the sudden change in education and living conditions. In terms of individual, the school adaptation which is related to the children’s future sustainable development and lifelong leaning, will affect the school life and have potential significant impact on their interpersonal relationships, mood and emotion, career development in future. Therefore, in order to lay the good foundation for the future better learning and living, the national research has focused on the development of pupils to school adaptation according to the characteristics of physical and mental development of students, such as indepth understanding of children's adaptation theory, adaptability of primary school pupils development, improvement of entrance education, reducing the adaptation phenomenon and so on. For this purpose, based on the survey of enrolled adaptive for primary school in Mengzi City, this article have a careful analysis on five aspects including compliance with conventional, interpersonal, self-care ability, study habits, emotional. Besides, three aspects of school, teachers, and parents can also be analyzed. The ultimate goal is to provide feasible ways and methods for solving the pupils' learning adaptability problems and also to provide empirical basis and constructive suggestions for educational interventions.

Keywords: Children; Entrancing adaptability; Status analysis; Countermeasure