更新时间:09-15 上传会员:陈老师
分类:师范学院 论文字数:10182 需要金币:1000个
摘要:“放松是通往冠军的捷径”,这句话在体育界已经成为金科玉律的真理,也充分证明了放松活动在体育运动中的重要意义。直道栏是项目不仅要求运动员有良好的速度、协调、柔韧、弹跳等素质,而且更需要运动员把过栏技术和栏间节奏的完美结合的一个技术性特别强的运动项目。本人在调查研究中发现从事该项目的教练员和运动员常常忽视放松练习的重要性,从而影响运动员的训练效果和运动成绩的提高,更加严重的是运动伤病不断发生,直接导致运动员的运动寿命的终结。本文将从直道栏训练的技术特点和放松练习在运动训练中的必要性进行探索和研究,并将两者相融合,归纳和总结在直道栏训练中放松练习的重要性。
关键词: 直道栏训练;放松练习;运动伤病;改进方法
Abstract:"Relaxation is a shortcut leading to the championship", this phrase has become the golden rule in the sports world the truth, but also relaxing activities fully proved the significance of sport. Straight bar is the project requires not only good athletes speed, coordination, flexibility, jumping and other qualities, but also need technical and field athletes to have the perfect combination of rhythms between the columns of a particularly strong technical sport. I found in the survey research project from the design of the coaches and athletes often neglect the importance of relaxation exercises, thus affecting the results of training of athletes and sports performance improvement, more serious injuries continue to occur is the movement that led directly to the athlete End of life. This straight column from the technical characteristics of the training exercises and relaxation training in the movement to explore and study the need for, and the integration of the two, and summarized in a straight bar the importance of training in relaxation exercises.
Key Words: Straight bar training; The relaxation exercise; Sports injuries; Improvement methods.
从田径运动的教学与训练角度讲,放松能力主要指大脑皮层运动中枢兴奋与抑制的转换能力,是支配肌肉收缩与舒张。通过训练来加强神经系统的灵活性,提高中枢之间的协调性,加快有关动作速度,改善协调肌群之间和它们与对抗肌群之间的协调关系,尽量减少对抗肌群紧张而产生的阻力。过于紧张,兴奋就会扩散,在中枢神经内引起的幅射式传递的反射活动,造成中枢N兴奋与抑制的相互诱导紊乱。如跑步中的抬腿,大腿屈肌中枢兴奋,屈肌群收缩,与此同时,与它相对抗的伸肌中枢相应抑制,使伸肌群松弛拉长,保证屈肌最大限度地收缩。反之,伸腿时,伸肌中枢兴奋作强力收缩,屈肌中枢应抑制松弛拉长,如果屈肌保持一定张力,伸肌力量就抵消了一部分,从而导致动作失调,进而影响步频和步幅。在一定范围内,肌肉拉长可以直接提高肌肉的收缩力,失调的结果,不能使被动的肌肉充分展长,从而也就影响了相继产生的收缩力。因此,放松是一个用力完整的过程,过分紧张会造成用力不充分,造成反射活动紊乱,动作失调。因此,高水平的运动员在训练和比赛中,给人印象就是动作舒展、协调、省力。