摘要：无线传感器网络具有很高的研究价值和十分广阔的应用前景，已经引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视，被称为是21世纪最有发展前景的技术之一。

　　　无线传感器网络通常由大量密集的传感器节点构成，节点的能源、计算能力和带宽都非常有限，传统的无线路由协议不适合无线传感器网络。因此，设计能够有效节约能源、延长网络生命周期的路由协议成为了无线传感器网络研究的一个重要内容。本文针对典型的分簇式路由协议——LEACH协议的不足，提出了考虑节点的剩余能量和分布位置的改进算法。通过在OMNeT++仿真平台上实验和与原算法的比较，发现本文提出的算法有效地延长了网络生命周期，提高了数据通信的效率。

关键词：无线传感器网络;成簇算法;LEACH;路由协议

Abstract：Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is being widely used in commercial and military fields .Both academia and industries have shown great interests in Wireless Sensor Networks .Wireless Sensor Network has been intituled one of the best perspective technology in the 21st century.

　　The number of sensor nodes in WSN is numerous and a single node is extraordinarily limited in resources ,so the important aim of designing routing protocol of WSN is to reduce the overall energy-dissipated in the networks and to maximize the lifetime of networks . We select LEACH to be the research target as the representative of the cluster-based routing protocols .We bring forward some improvements to the LEACH protocol based on analyzing the shortages of it .The improved LEACH periodically selects cluster heads according to their residual energy and the distance between one cluster head and another cluster head .The simulation of the improved LEACH is carried out on OMNeT++.By analyzing and comparing the simulation results ,it is shown that it can increase the lifetime of network effectively.

Key words: wireless sensor networks; routing protocol; clustering algorithm; LEACH

在本论文中，首先介绍了一些无线传感器的基本概念以及研究无线传感器网络的意义。接着对现有的无线传感网络的路由协议进行了有针对性的研究，分析和对比了现有的无线传感网络的路由协议的优劣;然后针对一种典型的基于拓扑的路由协议算法LEACH进行了着重分析和研究，通过网络仿真工具OMNeT++进行建模，并在分析研究前人成果的基础上，就这种算法提出了自己的改进思路。重点研究了在选择簇首时，分别从能量的角度和簇首的间距的角度来选择簇首。并通过网络仿真工具OMNeT++对自己的想法进行了仿真验证。结果证明对这种算法的改进思路是有效的，是正确的，在网络路由的低功耗和低开销性能方面得到了改善。