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分类:法律论文 论文字数:29563 需要金币:500个
摘要:在西方发达国家,刑事和解制度为刑事案件被害人的权利恢复、加害人回归社会提供了一个行之有效的司法机制。刑事和解,对被害人而言是恢复性的刑事保护政策,对犯罪者而言则主要是刑罚替代手段,作为近年来对刑事纠纷解决的趋势,已不断引起理论研究者们的注意,它的理念相继被世界上其他许多国家和地区接受并广为实践。当前,我国经济转型时期上升的犯罪率对传统诉讼模式和效率提出了挑战。因此,研究和构建出适应我国社会实践的刑事和解制度对完善我国刑事诉讼制度有着重大的理论和实践意义。
关键词:刑事和解;被害人保护;犯罪人社会化;可行性;制度构建
Abstract:In the western developed countries, criminal reconciliation system provides an effective judicial system for the victims’right recovery and for the injures to return to the society in the criminal cases. For the victims, criminal reconciliation is a kind of criminal protection policy of restorative, but for the criminals, it is mainly an alternative means of punishment, as a trend of solving the criminal dispute in recent years, criminal reconciliation has been attracting the attention of theory researchers, and the idea of it has been widely accepted and practiced by many other countries and regions in the world. Currently, the booming crime in our China's economic transformation period is a challenge to the traditional model of litigation and efficiency, therefore, the research and the construction of a criminal reconciliation system which can adapt to our social practice are of great theoretical and practical significance to perfecting our country's criminal lawsuit system.
Key words: criminal reconciliation;the victim protection;offenders socialization;feasibility;system construction
近年来,我国传统刑事司法体系与世界各国面临着同样的难题,由于人口众多和社会矛盾的演变,显示出了更为复杂的特征:第一,惩罚严厉,司法系统和监狱负担沉重;第二,再犯率不容乐观。对刑罚改造效果的最重要的衡量就是再犯率,而传统刑事司法体系的成果却经常经不起检验;第三,对被害人的抚慰和赔偿难以到位。由于传统刑事司法对于刑事案件的解决主要采用的是刑罚手段,试图通过刑罚的报应和震慑达到对犯罪的特殊预防和一般预防的目的。然而刑罚作为刑事纠纷的一元解决方式所导致的弊端是监狱人满为患,犯罪人的改造效果不容乐观,被害人的心灵创伤难以抚平,赔偿也难以到位。目前,各国学者已经开始对刑罚的作用和传统刑事司法的一元目的进行反思,也从不同角度开出了多种良方,如非刑罚化、轻刑化、监管制度改革、社区矫正、被害人国家赔偿制度等。刑事和解制度作为众多良方中最引人瞩目的一种,开始冲破刑事法领域的传统定论为学者更多关注和讨论。刑事和解制度作为一种解决刑事案件的程序性机制,在尊重被害人、促使犯罪人认罪悔罪、改过自新等方面显示了其优势。